Background: Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed ophthalmic procedures worldwide. Despite excellent visual outcomes, postoperative dry eye remains a frequent complication, affecting patient comfort and visual quality.
Aim: To evaluate the incidence, severity, and progression of dry eye following phacoemulsification cataract surgery using objective tests (Schirmer I test, Tear Break-Up Time, ocular surface staining) and subjective assessment (Ocular Surface Disease Index).
Methods: This prospective observational study included 99 patients undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification at a tertiary care center. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Dry eye was assessed using Schirmer I test, TBUT, ocular surface staining (Oxford Schema), and OSDI scores. Demographic data, gender distribution, and rural/urban background were also recorded.
Results: The mean age of patients was 61.28 years, with 41.41% females and 58.59% males. A majority of patients (73.74%) belonged to rural areas. Schirmer I test showed a postoperative incidence of dry eye of 14.14% at 1 week, decreasing to 4.04% at 12 weeks. Mean TBUT values decreased from 15.71 s preoperatively to 11.16 s at 1 week, then improved to 13.72 s at 12 weeks. Abnormal ocular surface staining was seen in 45.45% of patients at 1 week and reduced to 9.09% by 12 weeks. OSDI scores were highest at 1 week (24.85), improved at 4 weeks (17.55), and stabilized by 12 weeks, reflecting gradual recovery.
Conclusion: Postoperative dry eye is common following cataract surgery but is mostly transient, with significant improvement within three months. Early recognition, patient counseling, and appropriate management can enhance postoperative comfort and visual outcomes.
International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology
